Pan-immune-inflammation value is associated with thyroid autoantibody positivity in a Chinese health examination cohort.

PURPOSE: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is associated with adverse health outcomes, yet routine thyroid autoantibody testing may not always be practical in general screening settings. The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), derived from complete blood counts, represents a simple, low-cost marker of systemic inflammation. This study investigated the association between PIV and thyroid autoantibody positivity in a health examination cohort.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 5,785 Chinese adults undergoing routine health examinations at the First Hospital of China Medical University. Associations between PIV and anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) or anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) antibody positivity were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Subgroup analyses explored interactions with demographic and metabolic factors.

RESULTS

RCS analyses revealed significant non-linear associations between PIV and TgAb (P for non-linearity = 0.002) as well as TPOAb (P = 0.043) positivity. In fully adjusted models, the highest PIV quartile was associated with an increased risk of TgAb positivity compared to the lowest quartile (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.47, P = 0.026). The association with TPOAb was borderline significant (P = 0.061). Notably, the relationship was prominent in females and significantly amplified by hypertension (P for interaction = 0.038).

CONCLUSION

Elevated PIV is non-linearly associated with thyroid autoantibody positivity, particularly TgAb, with stronger effects observed in women and hypertensive individuals. As an inexpensive index derived from routine blood tests, PIV may be a useful adjunctive marker for identifying thyroid autoantibody positivity.