Psychometrics of the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders to measure the international classification of diseases trait model: A meta-analysis.

Although the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; PID-5) was initially designed to assess the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) trait model, a modified scoring algorithm was developed to evaluate the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (11th ed.; ICD-11) trait model constructs. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the internal (structural and discriminant types) and external (convergent and criterion types) validity of the PID-5 to measure the ICD-11 trait model constructs (the PID ICD scale). Systematic searches in PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, and Google Scholar were used to screen all articles published between January 2013 and October 2024. Given the high heterogeneity in the results of the included studies, the random-effects method was used for all pooled estimates. Ten medium to high-quality reports consisting of 12,840 people (2,551 psychiatric patients and 10,289 nonpatients) were entered into the meta-analysis. The pooled estimates supported the five-factor structure with good model fit indices (root-mean-square error of approximation = .06, comparative fit index = .97, Tucker-Lewis index = .93, standardized root-mean-square residual = .02). Alpha coefficients were between .86 and .93 for all factors (Mdn = 0.89) and the factor intercorrelations were between .11 and .49. The expected correlations were found between the factors and symptoms of 10 personality disorders (all between -.07 and .62). The mean scores of all factors were significantly higher in the clinical than nonclinical sample (d between 0.68 and 1.37) and the Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve values were significant (all between .65 and .83). We tentatively suggest that the PID ICD may function as an applicable questionnaire with generally acceptable internal and external validity, while noting that the Anankastia scale-particularly the perseveration subfacet-warrants extra caution in interpretation due to its poor convergence with regular ICD scales. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).