Prevalence of Kidney Cancer in Attendees for Combined Lung and Kidney Cancer Screening by Computed Tomography Scanning.

Kidney cancer (KC) screening may be facilitated by targeting individuals at a higher risk and combining with other screening programmes. Previous estimates of the prevalence of screen-detected KC are outdated and do not enable an accurate assessment in a high-risk group. The Yorkshire Kidney Screening Trial (YKST) is a unique study of the feasibility of adding KC screening via an abdominal noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scan to the thoracic low-dose CT within a targeted lung cancer screening trial in ever smokers (Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial; YLST). Seventeen histologically confirmed KC cases were detected on thoracic CT in YLST (N = 6650; prevalence 0.26%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15-0.41%), which has implications for future service planning to accommodate the investigation and treatment of screen-detected KC patients following the national adoption of lung cancer screening. Adding abdominal CT in YKST (n = 4019) identified an additional ten histologically confirmed KC patients (prevalence 0.25%; 95% CI 0.12-0.46%). In summary, using data from YKST, we report the first contemporary estimates of the prevalence of KC in high-risk individuals, key data required to plan future prospective screening studies.