Gingivobuccal Cancers: Demographics and Geographic Variations.

Gingivobuccal cancer (GBC), a squamous cell carcinoma of the inner cheek and gum, accounted for more than 389,485 new lip and oral cavity cancer cases worldwide in 2022. Its incidence varies geographically, mainly due to endemic habits like smokeless tobacco and betel nut use. GBC is highly prevalent in South Asia compared to the West. In India, more than 30% of adults consume tobacco. Most cases in South Asia are diagnosed late, with 50% to 70% presenting in advanced stages. Males are predominantly affected, with a ratio up to 4:1, linked to higher tobacco, betel quid, and alcohol use.