Unilateral brucella epidydimo-orchitis: a case report and literature review.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted through contact with infected animals or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and remains endemic in regions such as the Mediterranean, Middle East, Asia, and Africa. Its variable clinical manifestations often mimic other diseases, complicating diagnosis. We report a case of unilateral Brucella epididymo-orchitis in a middle-aged animal handler to highlight diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 32-year-old Indian man working with camels and goats presented with fever, body aches, fatigue, poor appetite, and a lip ulcer. Initial examination was unremarkable. Laboratory tests showed hypochromic microcytic anemia, leukocytosis, and positive Brucella serology. Scrotal ultrasonography demonstrated testicular enlargement with increased vascularity, while blood cultures grew Brucella canis. Although treatment adherence was initially poor due to medication side effects, clinical and laboratory parameters improved after completing antibiotics. The patient was discharged on doxycycline and cefuroxime with close follow-up.