BMJ open · 2025
Development and testing of a scale for nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding insulin injection-induced lipohypertrophy: A Delphi research and cross-sectional survey.
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Zhang Qin, Li Xinyu, Chen Min, Jia Ping, Zhu Yan, Wang Li, Xiao Li
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a scale for nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the prevention and treatment of subcutaneous lipohypertrophy associated with insulin injections and evaluate its reliability and validity.
DESIGN: A Delphi research and cross-sectional survey.
SETTING: Medical, education and nursing experts from seven different regions conducted Delphi consultation by E-mail or Wechat, whereas clinical nurses from primary, secondary and tertiary general hospitals in different regions of Sichuan Province were conveniently selected for the questionnaire survey.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 16 female experts aged 35-58 years participated in the Delphi expert consultation process; 812 clinical nurses participated in the questionnaire survey.
OUTCOME MEASURE: Content validity, internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the scale.
RESULTS: The scale comprises 3 dimensions and 36 items, with a content validity index of 0.99, a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.93, a split-half reliability of 0.87 and a test-retest reliability of 0.93. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a cumulative variance contribution rate of 53.38%, whereas confirmatory factor analysis indicated a χ2 degree of freedom 2 ratios of 2.65, a goodness-of-fit index of 0.86, a root mean square error of approximation of 0.06, a root mean square error of 0.04 and a comparative fit index of 0.90.
CONCLUSION: The developed scale demonstrated strong reliability and validity, enabling the assessment of nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the prevention and treatment of lipohypertrophy associated with insulin injections.
DESIGN: A Delphi research and cross-sectional survey.
SETTING: Medical, education and nursing experts from seven different regions conducted Delphi consultation by E-mail or Wechat, whereas clinical nurses from primary, secondary and tertiary general hospitals in different regions of Sichuan Province were conveniently selected for the questionnaire survey.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 16 female experts aged 35-58 years participated in the Delphi expert consultation process; 812 clinical nurses participated in the questionnaire survey.
OUTCOME MEASURE: Content validity, internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the scale.
RESULTS: The scale comprises 3 dimensions and 36 items, with a content validity index of 0.99, a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.93, a split-half reliability of 0.87 and a test-retest reliability of 0.93. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a cumulative variance contribution rate of 53.38%, whereas confirmatory factor analysis indicated a χ2 degree of freedom 2 ratios of 2.65, a goodness-of-fit index of 0.86, a root mean square error of approximation of 0.06, a root mean square error of 0.04 and a comparative fit index of 0.90.
CONCLUSION: The developed scale demonstrated strong reliability and validity, enabling the assessment of nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the prevention and treatment of lipohypertrophy associated with insulin injections.