Disparities in Diagnosis of and Management of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia.

This article examines disparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and lived experience of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). It highlights prolonged diagnostic delays, especially in women, children, and marginalized groups, compounded by limited access to essential sleep tests and insurance-related barriers. Treatment inequities stem from high medication costs, restrictive coverage, and a lack of global drug availability, leaving many patients with persistent symptoms. IH poses unique challenges due to ambiguous diagnostic criteria and poor test reliability. Both disorders impose severe functional, psychological, and social burdens. The authors call for inclusive diagnostics, equitable access to treatment, and patient-centered, personalized care strategies.