Expanding the clinical tumor phenotype of the EPAS1-asssociated tumor syndrome.

CONTEXT: Since the original discovery of the Pacak-Zhuang syndrome (PZS) in 2012, defined by the clinical triad of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) and/or duodenal ampullar somatostatinoma with erythrocytosis, multiple multisystemic phenotypes have been identified in patients with somatic mosaic pathogenic variants in EPAS1/HIF2A. Deep phenotyping of patients along with evaluation of a transgenic murine model has led to the understanding of the role of HIF-2α in developmental processes, including tumor development. Interestingly, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) occur in von Hippel-Lindau disease and the VHL gene product regulates HIF-2α expression.

OBJECTIVE

Characterize pancreatic NETs in PZS.

METHODS

We have reviewed the clinical records in the index patient at Addenbrooke's Hospital (UK) and a cohort of patients with PZS from the NIH were assessed for pancreatic NETs.

RESULTS

Herein, we describe a novel series from two institutions of patients with EPAS1-associated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors including a case of a nonfunctioning pancreatic NET in association with an EPAS1 somatic mosaic variant.

CONCLUSION

This case study extends our current understanding of the phenotypic spectrum in PZS and links pancreatic NETs to an additional hypoxia-associated gene, namely EPAS1.