Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025
Vitamin D supplementation and its impact on leptin and interleukin-6 in women following religious intermittent fasting: a controlled study.
СтатьяКонтролируемое клиническое исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Karras Spyridon N, Michalakis Konstantinos, Kypraiou Maria, Al Anouti Fatme, Fakhoury Hana, Annweiler Cedric, Pilz Stefan, Anemoulis Marios, Vlastos Antonios, Haitoglou Costas, Riedmann Uwe, Georgopoulos Neoklis, Papanikolaou Evangelos G, Tzimagiorgis Georgios
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in populations following intermittent or religious fasting, particularly Orthodox nuns with limited sun exposure and dietary restrictions. Vitamin D may modulate adipokines and inflammatory markers, but clinical evidence remains inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leptin concentrations in Orthodox nuns compared with non-supplemented controls.
METHODS: In this controlled, non-randomized trial, 33 Orthodox nuns received oral vitamin D3 supplementation (2,500 IU/day) for 16 weeks, while 42 age-matched women following Orthodox intermittent fasting served as controls. Anthropometric indices and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], IL-6, leptin, parathyroid hormone, insulin, and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and follow-up.
RESULTS: At baseline, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in the supplementation group compared with controls (23.4 ± 10.1 vs. 27.7 ± 11.2 ng/mL, p = 0.043). After 16 weeks, 25(OH)D increased significantly in the supplementation group (23.4 ± 10.1 vs. 33.9 ± 11.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001), with no change in controls (27.7 ± 11.2 vs. 28.5 ± 12.2 ng/mL, p = 0.941). Leptin showed a non-significant decrease in the supplementation group (24.4 ± 18.3 vs. 21.9 ± 13.5 ng/mL, p = 0.215), whereas in the controls, it remained unchanged (23.21 ± 14.67 vs. 24.05 ± 13.89 pg/mL, p = 0.365). IL-6 did not change significantly in either group. Exploratory multivariable regression did not reveal significant predictors of leptin changes.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation effectively corrected deficiency but did not significantly affect leptin or IL-6 concentrations. These results highlight the need for larger and longer studies to further clarify the immunometabolic impact of vitamin D supplementation in women practicing intermittent fasting.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leptin concentrations in Orthodox nuns compared with non-supplemented controls.
METHODS: In this controlled, non-randomized trial, 33 Orthodox nuns received oral vitamin D3 supplementation (2,500 IU/day) for 16 weeks, while 42 age-matched women following Orthodox intermittent fasting served as controls. Anthropometric indices and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], IL-6, leptin, parathyroid hormone, insulin, and C-reactive protein were measured at baseline and follow-up.
RESULTS: At baseline, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in the supplementation group compared with controls (23.4 ± 10.1 vs. 27.7 ± 11.2 ng/mL, p = 0.043). After 16 weeks, 25(OH)D increased significantly in the supplementation group (23.4 ± 10.1 vs. 33.9 ± 11.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001), with no change in controls (27.7 ± 11.2 vs. 28.5 ± 12.2 ng/mL, p = 0.941). Leptin showed a non-significant decrease in the supplementation group (24.4 ± 18.3 vs. 21.9 ± 13.5 ng/mL, p = 0.215), whereas in the controls, it remained unchanged (23.21 ± 14.67 vs. 24.05 ± 13.89 pg/mL, p = 0.365). IL-6 did not change significantly in either group. Exploratory multivariable regression did not reveal significant predictors of leptin changes.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation effectively corrected deficiency but did not significantly affect leptin or IL-6 concentrations. These results highlight the need for larger and longer studies to further clarify the immunometabolic impact of vitamin D supplementation in women practicing intermittent fasting.