Effect of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) intake during pregnancy on fetal and placental growth in obese albino rats.

BACKGROUND

Maternal obesity is an exciting topic of study, as it has detrimental effects on placental growth and, consequently, fetal development. Broccoli has anti-obesity properties. However, few studies address its effects during pregnancy, especially with maternal obesity. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of broccoli supplementation during pregnancy on fetal and placental growth in obese dams, which could improve outcomes for all communities.

METHODS

Eighteen six-week-old female albino rats (125 ± 5 g) were obtained and randomly divided into control and obesity-induced groups. After one month, obesity was confirmed using the Lee index. All females were mated and divided into three groups: control dams on a normal diet, obese dams on a high-fat diet, and obese dams on a high-fat diet supplemented with broccoli. On the 17th day of gestation, pregnant rats were euthanized, and the fetuses and placentas were collected via cesarean section. Fetal and placental biometrics were evaluated, and placentas were processed for histological investigation and comet assay.

RESULTS

Obese dams exhibited elevated placental inflammation and DNA damage, as well as a higher rate of fetal congenital anomalies compared to controls. Conversely, broccoli supplementation in obese dams lessened the pathological effects of placental insufficiency and improved fetal development biometry.

CONCLUSIONS

Broccoli supplementation during pregnancy effectively alleviated placental insufficiency and fetal congenital anomalies associated with maternal obesity. This highlights a promising nutritional strategy that could improve pregnancy outcomes in the context of maternal obesity and promote a healthier future generation. So, we recommend further studies to develop such treatments.