Accessory middle cerebral artery, hypoplasia of the A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery fenestration of the A2 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery and fetal variant of posterior cerebral artery.

INTRODUCTION: The Circle of Willis, located at the base of the brain, is a complex anastomotic ring that ensures blood flow between anterior and posterior cerebral arteries. Its main purpose is to protect against ischemia during vessel failure and sustain cerebral perfusion. Variants occurring in CoW are in over half of the population, usually seen in PComA, as unilateral or bilateral artery hypoplasia or aplasia.

METHOD: The patient was 47-year-old man without any history of vascular malformations, was admitted to the hospital due to head trauma. Neurological examination revealed no abnormal findings.

RESULTS: During cerebral angiography an accessory middle cerebral artery (MCA), hypoplasia of the A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA), fenestration of the A2 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and fetal variant of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were found. After 14 days follow-up the patient was discharged home in good general condition without any neurological deficit.

CONCLUSIONS: Malformations involving MCA or ACA are closely associated with an elevated risk of aneurysm, whereas those affecting PCA carry a heightened likelihood of TIA or stroke. They most likely derive from embryological development. Therefore, recognizing and understanding vascular deformities is crucial in preoperative planning and risk assessment to ensure optimal patient outcomes.