International journal of microbiology · 2026
In Vivo Evaluation of Efficacy and Toxicity of Bioinspired Peptides With Antimicrobial Properties Against Fungal Infection in Galleria mellonella Larvae.
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Conceição Allan da Silva, Dos Santos Lorena Mendes, Taveira Gabriel Bonan, Gomes Valdirene Moreira, Carvalho André de Oliveira
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, represent a growing public health threat due to increasing resistance to conventional antifungal agents. Consequently, there is a need for the development of novel antifungals.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of three peptides with antimicrobial properties, RR, D-RR, and WR that exhibit in vitro antifungal activity and are bioinspired from the Vigna unguiculata defensin γ-core.
METHODS: Using Galleria mellonella larvae, infections were established with a clinical strain of Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans over a 144-h period. Toxicity and efficacy were evaluated through survival assays, hemocyte density measurements, fungal load quantification, and health index monitoring. Peptides were administered in multiple doses over time.
RESULTS: Fungal lethal doses (FLD) in G. mellonella were 1 × 106 cells/mL for C. tropicalis and 0.5 × 106 cells/mL for C. albicans. Peptide lethal doses were 41 μM (RR) and 32 μM (D-RR) for C. tropicalis, and 60 μM (WR) for C. albicans. All treatments were nontoxic. Survival of infected larvae was 93.3% with RR and D-RR. Among peptides, WR showed the greatest efficacy, achieving 100% survival and outperforming fluconazole, while supporting continued larval development. The peptides exerted inhibitory effects within the in vivo tissue environment of G. mellonella.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the peptides are promising safe antifungal candidates, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms of action and stability.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of three peptides with antimicrobial properties, RR, D-RR, and WR that exhibit in vitro antifungal activity and are bioinspired from the Vigna unguiculata defensin γ-core.
METHODS: Using Galleria mellonella larvae, infections were established with a clinical strain of Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans over a 144-h period. Toxicity and efficacy were evaluated through survival assays, hemocyte density measurements, fungal load quantification, and health index monitoring. Peptides were administered in multiple doses over time.
RESULTS: Fungal lethal doses (FLD) in G. mellonella were 1 × 106 cells/mL for C. tropicalis and 0.5 × 106 cells/mL for C. albicans. Peptide lethal doses were 41 μM (RR) and 32 μM (D-RR) for C. tropicalis, and 60 μM (WR) for C. albicans. All treatments were nontoxic. Survival of infected larvae was 93.3% with RR and D-RR. Among peptides, WR showed the greatest efficacy, achieving 100% survival and outperforming fluconazole, while supporting continued larval development. The peptides exerted inhibitory effects within the in vivo tissue environment of G. mellonella.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the peptides are promising safe antifungal candidates, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms of action and stability.