Asian journal of psychiatry · 2026
Different phenotypes of psychotic-like experiences and their associated factors.
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Yang Xinhu, Zhou Liang, Zhong Shaoling, Deng Mengjie, Zhou Hongling, Li Yue, Sun Meng
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: Research in heterogeneity within the lifetime psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) group remains insufficient. This study aims to identify phenotypes within the lifetime PLEs population and their correlates.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed PLEs with the 15-item positive subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P15), manic symptoms with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), and depressive/anxiety symptoms with modified Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)/Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (referring the worst two-week period in lifetime). Latent profile analysis was used to identify PLEs phenotypes, and multinomial logistic regression examined their associations with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.
RESULTS: We identified 2087 individuals with lifetime PLEs and delineated three distinct classes: Class 1 (1552 [74.4%]) with the lowest symptom levels, Class 2 (224 [10.7%]) with prominent depression and anxiety symptoms, and Class 3 (311 [14.9%]) with prominent PLEs. All three phenotypes shared common associated factors, including younger age, chronic physical illness, childhood traumas, recent adverse life events, female sex, and lower resilience. Left-behind child status was associated with Class 1 (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.01-1.40) and Class 2 (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.10), while single-child status showed associations (Class 1: OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99; Class 2: OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.04-2.11). Smoking was associated with Class 2 (OR=3.58, 95% CI: 1.57-8.19), and alcohol intake with Class 1 (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.31-3.15) and Class 3 (OR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.47-5.11).
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified three distinct PLEs phenotypes, supporting the heterogeneous nature of PLEs. These preliminary findings provide insights for phenotype-specific prevention and warrant longitudinal validation.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study assessed PLEs with the 15-item positive subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P15), manic symptoms with the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), and depressive/anxiety symptoms with modified Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)/Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (referring the worst two-week period in lifetime). Latent profile analysis was used to identify PLEs phenotypes, and multinomial logistic regression examined their associations with sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.
RESULTS: We identified 2087 individuals with lifetime PLEs and delineated three distinct classes: Class 1 (1552 [74.4%]) with the lowest symptom levels, Class 2 (224 [10.7%]) with prominent depression and anxiety symptoms, and Class 3 (311 [14.9%]) with prominent PLEs. All three phenotypes shared common associated factors, including younger age, chronic physical illness, childhood traumas, recent adverse life events, female sex, and lower resilience. Left-behind child status was associated with Class 1 (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.01-1.40) and Class 2 (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.09-2.10), while single-child status showed associations (Class 1: OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99; Class 2: OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.04-2.11). Smoking was associated with Class 2 (OR=3.58, 95% CI: 1.57-8.19), and alcohol intake with Class 1 (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.31-3.15) and Class 3 (OR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.47-5.11).
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified three distinct PLEs phenotypes, supporting the heterogeneous nature of PLEs. These preliminary findings provide insights for phenotype-specific prevention and warrant longitudinal validation.