Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024
Mitochondrial Parkinsonism: A Practical Guide to Genes and Clinical Diagnosis.
СтатьяОбзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Lopriore Piervito, Palermo Giovanni, Meli Adriana, Bellini Gabriele, Benevento Elena, Montano Vincenzo, Siciliano Gabriele, Mancuso Michelangelo, Ceravolo Roberto
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are the most common inborn errors of energy metabolism, with a combined prevalence of 1 in 4300. They can result from mutations in either nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These disorders are multisystemic and mainly affect high energy-demanding tissues, such as muscle and the central nervous system (CNS). Among many clinical features of CNS involvement, parkinsonism is one of the most common movement disorders in PMDs.
METHODS: This review provides a pragmatic educational overview of the most recent advances in the field of mitochondrial parkinsonism, from pathophysiology and genetic etiologies to phenotype and diagnosis.
RESULTS: mtDNA maintenance and mitochondrial dynamics alterations represent the principal mechanisms underlying mitochondrial parkinsonism. It can be present in isolation, alongside other movement disorders or, more commonly, as part of a multisystemic phenotype. Mutations in several nuclear-encoded genes (ie, POLG, TWNK, SPG7, and OPA1) and, more rarely, mtDNA mutations, are responsible for mitochondrial parkinsonism. Progressive external opthalmoplegia and optic atrophy may guide genetic etiology identification.
CONCLUSION: A comprehensive deep-phenotyping approach is needed to reach a diagnosis of mitochondrial parkinsonism, which lacks distinctive clinical features and exemplifies the intricate genotype-phenotype interplay of PMDs.
METHODS: This review provides a pragmatic educational overview of the most recent advances in the field of mitochondrial parkinsonism, from pathophysiology and genetic etiologies to phenotype and diagnosis.
RESULTS: mtDNA maintenance and mitochondrial dynamics alterations represent the principal mechanisms underlying mitochondrial parkinsonism. It can be present in isolation, alongside other movement disorders or, more commonly, as part of a multisystemic phenotype. Mutations in several nuclear-encoded genes (ie, POLG, TWNK, SPG7, and OPA1) and, more rarely, mtDNA mutations, are responsible for mitochondrial parkinsonism. Progressive external opthalmoplegia and optic atrophy may guide genetic etiology identification.
CONCLUSION: A comprehensive deep-phenotyping approach is needed to reach a diagnosis of mitochondrial parkinsonism, which lacks distinctive clinical features and exemplifies the intricate genotype-phenotype interplay of PMDs.