The transsphenoidal surgical approach to the pituitary.

The operating microscope and intraoperative fluoroscopic monitoring have converted this approach from a blind procedure into a precise operation that permits selective (as well as nonselective) resection of pituitary tumors, often restoring function to normal or near-normal levels. Experience with the technique has also shed new light on the pathophysiology of acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and hyperprolactinemia.