Disseminated mucormycosis and orbital ischaemia in combination immunosuppression with a tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor.

Disseminated mucormycosis, with pulmonary and cerebral angioinvasive disease, developed in a 65-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis being treated with combination immunosuppression including adalimumab. Clinical presentation included progressive orbital ischaemia. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of disseminated mucormycosis in a patient treated with a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor. Important pathophysiological factors are considered.