Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) as a Biomarker for Detection of Subclinical Nephrotoxic Effect of Chronic Organophosphorus Exposure.

OBJECTIVES

This study investigated subclinical renal impairment in workers chronically exposed to organophosphorus compounds using kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as a biomarker.

METHODS

A comparative cross-sectional study included 74 participants, divided into exposed and control groups. After excluding other renal risk factors, all participants underwent clinical assessment and laboratory investigations, including serum urea, creatinine, cholinesterase, and KIM-1.

RESULTS

Exposed workers had significantly lower mean cholinesterase levels (3610.54 ± 436.41 U/L) than controls (5975.68 ± 860.69 U/L). Median KIM-1 was higher in the exposed group (5.96 ng/mL) compared with controls (0.84 ng/mL). Longer exposure duration and farming occupation were linked with elevated KIM-1. KIM-1 positively correlated with kidney function markers, while cholinesterase showed a negative correlation.

CONCLUSION

Chronic organophosphorus compound exposure may cause progressive renal damage. KIM-1 is a sensitive biomarker for early detection and monitoring of subclinical tubular injury.