Factors that influence adherence to calcium recommendations.

To identify barriers to following calcium recommendations among women with reduced bone mineral density (BMD), four focus group sessions were held with 30 postmenopausal women diagnosed with low BMD. Key concepts and themes were derived from transcripts. Participants were aware of the importance of calcium to their bone health, and were attempting to follow calcium intake recommendations. Several major themes associated with the ability to obtain adequate calcium were identified, including knowledge and confidence in actions, lifestyle and food preferences, and side effects and conflict with other health conditions. Participants reported that they obtained information in an effort to make a confident decision about calcium intake, but were easily confused by conflicting information. Daily routines and family and personal food preferences influenced dietary behaviours. Women indicated that side effects, particularly those associated with perceived lactose intolerance, caused them to restrict their calcium intake. Our data provide important insight into factors that women believe affect their ability to reach recommended calcium intakes. To optimize osteoporosis prevention and treatment, dietitians should focus on individualized patient assessments to identify factors affecting adherence to dietary calcium recommendations.