Journal of psychosomatic research · 2026
Associations between the p factor and health-related quality of life in youth with chronic physical illness.
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Jassal Anmol, Ferro Mark A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The p factor reflects general liability for psychopathology. Few studies have examined the p factor in youth with chronic physical illness (CPI), and none have modelled its association with health-related quality of life (HRQL).
OBJECTIVES: This study examined associations between the p factor and 48-month HRQL in youth with CPI, and whether age or sex moderate these associations.
METHODS: Children and adolescents aged 2-16 years with CPI were recruited from outpatient clinics at a pediatric hospital (N = 263) and followed for 48 months (N = 202). The p factor was derived from the parent-reported Emotional Behavioural Scales. HRQL was measured using the parent-reported KIDSCREEN-27 across five domains. Multiple regression was used to estimate associations between p scores and 48-month HRQL, stratified by age (2-9 years vs. 10-16 years) and sex (female vs. male). Moderation was tested using the method of variance estimates recovery.
RESULTS: Among children, higher p scores were associated with lower psychological well-being (β = -0.17, p = 0.016), social support & peers (β = -0.26, p = 0.003), and school environment (β = -0.24, p = 0.002). For adolescents, the association was significant only for school environment (β = -0.21, p = 0.011). Among males, p scores were associated with lower autonomy & parent relations (β = -0.17, p = 0.028) and school environment (β = -0.17, p = 0.012); whereas for females, associations were significant for social support & peers (β = -0.20, p = 0.015) and school environment (β = -0.21, p = 0.007). There was no evidence for a moderating effect of youth age or sex.
CONCLUSIONS: The p factor is inversely associated with HRQL in youth with CPI and may be useful in identifying at-risk individuals in clinical settings.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined associations between the p factor and 48-month HRQL in youth with CPI, and whether age or sex moderate these associations.
METHODS: Children and adolescents aged 2-16 years with CPI were recruited from outpatient clinics at a pediatric hospital (N = 263) and followed for 48 months (N = 202). The p factor was derived from the parent-reported Emotional Behavioural Scales. HRQL was measured using the parent-reported KIDSCREEN-27 across five domains. Multiple regression was used to estimate associations between p scores and 48-month HRQL, stratified by age (2-9 years vs. 10-16 years) and sex (female vs. male). Moderation was tested using the method of variance estimates recovery.
RESULTS: Among children, higher p scores were associated with lower psychological well-being (β = -0.17, p = 0.016), social support & peers (β = -0.26, p = 0.003), and school environment (β = -0.24, p = 0.002). For adolescents, the association was significant only for school environment (β = -0.21, p = 0.011). Among males, p scores were associated with lower autonomy & parent relations (β = -0.17, p = 0.028) and school environment (β = -0.17, p = 0.012); whereas for females, associations were significant for social support & peers (β = -0.20, p = 0.015) and school environment (β = -0.21, p = 0.007). There was no evidence for a moderating effect of youth age or sex.
CONCLUSIONS: The p factor is inversely associated with HRQL in youth with CPI and may be useful in identifying at-risk individuals in clinical settings.