Infant Jaundice: Updates in Biliary Atresia.

Biliary atresia is a leading cause of neonatal cholestasis and the most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Early recognition is critical, as outcomes depend on timely surgical intervention with the Kasai portoenterostomy. Advances in the diagnostic work-up of infant jaundice now emphasize earlier differentiation of cholestatic from physiologic causes using fractionated bilirubin screening, direct bilirubin measurement in newborn panels, and noninvasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound. Emerging biomarkers and genetic testing show promise in supporting earlier detection, reducing delays in referral, and improving long-term outcomes for infants with biliary atresia.