[Biliary lithiasis].

No treatment is recommended for silent gallstones. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is based on clinical and biological signs and on abdominal sonography. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice, except in case of severe (grade III) cholecystitis where a percutaneous cholecystostomy associated with antibiotic therapy is recommended. The diagnostic accuracy of abdominal sonography for the diagnosis of common bile duct stones is poor. A second-line MR cholangiopancreatography or an endoscopic sonography is often needed to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of acute cholangitis is based on both antibiotic therapy and biliary drainage. Results of the treatment of common bile duct stone with either laparoscopic surgery or with the combined endoscopic sphincterotomy plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy are comparable when performed by well-trained practitionners. The choice of the method should be based on the locally available treatment.