Nutrition reviews · 2025
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Combination With Exercise Training on Body Composition and Muscular Strength in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
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Kazeminasab Fatemeh, Moein Ahmad Reza, Baharlooie Maryam, Moradi Sajjad, Camera Donny M, Tinsley Grant M, Rosenkranz Sara K, Bagheri Reza
Аннотация
CONTEXT: The combination of vitamin D supplementation and exercise has gained attention for its potential to improve body composition and muscular strength.
OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aimed to determine whether combining vitamin D supplementation with exercise is more effective than exercise alone in improving body composition and muscular strength in adults.
DATA SOURCES: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 1, 2024.
DATA EXTRACTION: Studies evaluating vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise versus exercise-only controls were included. Outcomes assessed were 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat-free mass (FFM), and muscular strength (handgrip, leg press, and knee extension). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated. Fractional polynomial modeling was used to assess nonlinear associations between vitamin D dose (IU/wk), intervention duration, and outcomes.
DATA ANALYSIS: A total of 28 studies with 1675 participants were included. Vitamin D combined with exercise significantly increased 25(OH)D levels compared to exercise alone (WMD, 34.11 nmol/L; P = .001). Subgroup analyses showed significant increases in 25(OH)D levels in both healthy and unhealthy adults. No significant effects were observed for BW, BMI, FM, BFP, FFM, or leg press strength (all P > .05). A modest but significant improvement was found in knee extension strength (WMD, 4.36 kg; P = .039). Additionally, handgrip strength improved significantly in older adults and in those receiving higher vitamin D doses.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise increases 25(OH)D levels but does not improve body composition more than exercise alone. Overall, muscular strength was not significantly affected; however, modest improvements were observed in knee extension strength and handgrip strength, particularly in older adults and those receiving higher vitamin D doses.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024548619.
OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aimed to determine whether combining vitamin D supplementation with exercise is more effective than exercise alone in improving body composition and muscular strength in adults.
DATA SOURCES: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 1, 2024.
DATA EXTRACTION: Studies evaluating vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise versus exercise-only controls were included. Outcomes assessed were 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), fat-free mass (FFM), and muscular strength (handgrip, leg press, and knee extension). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated. Fractional polynomial modeling was used to assess nonlinear associations between vitamin D dose (IU/wk), intervention duration, and outcomes.
DATA ANALYSIS: A total of 28 studies with 1675 participants were included. Vitamin D combined with exercise significantly increased 25(OH)D levels compared to exercise alone (WMD, 34.11 nmol/L; P = .001). Subgroup analyses showed significant increases in 25(OH)D levels in both healthy and unhealthy adults. No significant effects were observed for BW, BMI, FM, BFP, FFM, or leg press strength (all P > .05). A modest but significant improvement was found in knee extension strength (WMD, 4.36 kg; P = .039). Additionally, handgrip strength improved significantly in older adults and in those receiving higher vitamin D doses.
CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise increases 25(OH)D levels but does not improve body composition more than exercise alone. Overall, muscular strength was not significantly affected; however, modest improvements were observed in knee extension strength and handgrip strength, particularly in older adults and those receiving higher vitamin D doses.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration No. CRD42024548619.