Association Between Polymorphisms of 4 Common Genes and High Myopia Risk: A Comprehensive Analysis.

BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have been suggested single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence susceptibility to high myopia (HM). To investigate the associations of multiple SNPs of 4 common genes and HM, we collected all related articles about these 4 common SNPs and risk of HM. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed and Wanfang databases were searched for articles published until Dec 10, 2025 using the keywords 'GJD2' or 'ZC3H11B' or 'MMP1' or 'MMP9', 'polymorphism' and 'myopia' or 'shortsightedness'. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to examine the association between above 4 genes' SNPs and HM risk using Stata software. RESULTS We performed a meta-analysis of data from 15 published articles. There were 2 SNPs in the GJD2 gene, 4 SNPs in the ZC3H11B gene, 1 in SNP in the MMP1 gene, and 1 SNP in the MMP9 gene. After analyses using Stata, significant results were detected: rs3743123 in the GJD2 gene was associated with a decreased overall HM risk. Additionally, similar trends were detected in all 4 SNPs in the ZC3H11B gene: rs4373767, rs4428898, rs10779363and rs7544369. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the GJD2 gene rs3743123 and ZC3H11B gene 4 SNPs (rs4373767, rs4428898, rs10779363, rs7544369) polymorphisms are associated with risk of HM. Our results need to be confirmed by larger studies and mechanism research, which may aid in the early identification and prognostic evaluation of HM.