Appetite · 2025
Emotion regulation facets prospectively distinguish food addiction from substance misuse in women with binge eating, gambling, or both behaviours.
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Farstad Sarah M, Bajaj Deepika, von Ranson Kristin M
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of similarity between food addiction (FA) and substance addictions (SA), we prospectively compared emotion regulation deficits associated with FA and alcohol or drug misuse in women with binge eating, gambling, or both behaviours.
METHOD: Participants were 202 community-recruited women who engaged in at-risk binge eating (39 %), at-risk gambling (18 %), or both (43 %). Participants completed online assessments every two months for six months. The baseline and six-month surveys assessed self-reported emotion regulation using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the UPPS-P Impulsivity Scale, FA using the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and alcohol and substance misuse using the Daily Drinking Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Drug Use Frequency, and Drug Abuse Screening Test. Two- and four-month surveys assessed only binge eating and gambling.
RESULTS: We identified facets of emotion regulation that were cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with FA and substance misuse. Negative urgency emerged as a common cross-sectional correlate of FA and substance misuse, whereas positive urgency and non-acceptance of one's negative emotions had different associations to FA versus substance misuse. Positive urgency prospectively predicted 100 %, 130 %, and 200 % increases in odds of future substance misuse problems and a 50 % decrease in odds of future FA, whereas being unaccepting of one's negative emotions was associated with more severe FA symptoms (a DERS subscale) and less severe alcohol-related problems.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that FA is not associated with the same key deficits in emotion regulation as SA.
METHOD: Participants were 202 community-recruited women who engaged in at-risk binge eating (39 %), at-risk gambling (18 %), or both (43 %). Participants completed online assessments every two months for six months. The baseline and six-month surveys assessed self-reported emotion regulation using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the UPPS-P Impulsivity Scale, FA using the Yale Food Addiction Scale, and alcohol and substance misuse using the Daily Drinking Questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Drug Use Frequency, and Drug Abuse Screening Test. Two- and four-month surveys assessed only binge eating and gambling.
RESULTS: We identified facets of emotion regulation that were cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with FA and substance misuse. Negative urgency emerged as a common cross-sectional correlate of FA and substance misuse, whereas positive urgency and non-acceptance of one's negative emotions had different associations to FA versus substance misuse. Positive urgency prospectively predicted 100 %, 130 %, and 200 % increases in odds of future substance misuse problems and a 50 % decrease in odds of future FA, whereas being unaccepting of one's negative emotions was associated with more severe FA symptoms (a DERS subscale) and less severe alcohol-related problems.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that FA is not associated with the same key deficits in emotion regulation as SA.