Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026
Retinal neurovascular signatures in response to 6-month yoga exercise in patients with Parkinson's Disease.
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Hoover Andrew, Virgets Amanda, Martinez Kylie J, Levin Bonnie, Lam Byron L, Haq Ihtsham, Navia Fabiana, Signorile Joseph F, Wang Jianhua, Jiang Hong
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To characterize retinal neurovascular signatures in response to a 24-week yoga intervention in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
METHODS: Seventeen patients with PD (mean age: 71.4 ± 6.7 years; 8 females) were enrolled and participated in three 1-h yoga sessions per week for 24 consecutive weeks. Retinal neurovascular parameters were assessed at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Retinal blood flow (RBF) was measured using a Retinal Function Imager. Retinal vessel density (RVD), retinal vessel length density (RVLD), and retinal tissue volume (RTV) were assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Retinal capillary function (RCF) and retinal tissue perfusion (RTP) were calculated based on these variables.
RESULTS: RBF significantly increased following 6 months of yoga training (P = 0.049). Changes in RVD were significantly correlated with disease duration (r = -0.67; P = 0.007) and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage (r = -0.77; P < 0.001). Patients with disease duration <5 years demonstrated greater improvements in RVD compared with those whose duration was ≥5 years (P = 0.004). Similarly, patients at H&Y stage 1 exhibited greater RVD improvements compared to those at H&Y stage ≥2 (P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION: This study is the first to investigate retinal neurovascular responses to yoga training in patients with PD. While RBF marginally increased, RVD exhibited disease-severity and duration-dependent variations, suggesting RBF and RVD are potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and the efficacy of aerobic interventions such as yoga in PD.
METHODS: Seventeen patients with PD (mean age: 71.4 ± 6.7 years; 8 females) were enrolled and participated in three 1-h yoga sessions per week for 24 consecutive weeks. Retinal neurovascular parameters were assessed at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Retinal blood flow (RBF) was measured using a Retinal Function Imager. Retinal vessel density (RVD), retinal vessel length density (RVLD), and retinal tissue volume (RTV) were assessed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Retinal capillary function (RCF) and retinal tissue perfusion (RTP) were calculated based on these variables.
RESULTS: RBF significantly increased following 6 months of yoga training (P = 0.049). Changes in RVD were significantly correlated with disease duration (r = -0.67; P = 0.007) and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage (r = -0.77; P < 0.001). Patients with disease duration <5 years demonstrated greater improvements in RVD compared with those whose duration was ≥5 years (P = 0.004). Similarly, patients at H&Y stage 1 exhibited greater RVD improvements compared to those at H&Y stage ≥2 (P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION: This study is the first to investigate retinal neurovascular responses to yoga training in patients with PD. While RBF marginally increased, RVD exhibited disease-severity and duration-dependent variations, suggesting RBF and RVD are potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and the efficacy of aerobic interventions such as yoga in PD.