The Mediating Effect of Gambling Motives between Psychiatric Symptoms, Dissociation, and Problem Gambling Severity.

Although previous research has identified psychiatric symptoms and dissociation as important factors in problem gambling, the role of gambling motives in these relationships has received scant attention. According to the literature, the theoretically "riskier" motives (coping and enhancement) are associated with problem gambling. The present study examined the mediating role of gambling motives between psychiatric symptoms, dissociative experiences, and problem gambling severity. A total of 688 participants (57.8% male, Mage = 40.8 years, SD = 13.8) completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Dissociative Experiences Scale-II (DES-II), Gambling Motives Questionnaire (GMQ), and Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). The overall model had a good fit to the data. The results indicated that psychiatric symptoms had a significant direct effect and a significant indirect (mediating) effect on problem gambling severity via the coping motive, while dissociation only showed a significant indirect effect via the coping motive. The structural equation modeling showed that psychiatric symptoms, both directly and indirectly (via coping motives), influenced problem gambling severity, but dissociation did so indirectly only via coping motives. These results suggest that dissociation amplifies vulnerability to escape-style gambling, a concept in which an individual tries to regulate either negative mood states or psychological arousal by gambling. Awareness of dissociative tendencies and targeted interventions may help reduce gambling-related harms.