Familial Thyroid Cancers Syndromes.

This comprehensive review highlights critical advances in understanding hereditary thyroid cancer syndromes, focusing on familial medullary thyroid cancer and nonmedullary thyroid cancers. It explores genetic underpinnings, particularly REarranged during Transfection mutations, their genotype-phenotype correlations, and personalized management strategies, including the timing of prophylactic surgery and systemic therapies. The article underscores the importance of genetic testing, targeted surveillance, and risk-based treatment. With its synthesis of current evidence and evolving concepts, this work is indispensable for clinicians and researchers striving to optimize outcomes in hereditary thyroid cancer.