European journal of haematology · 2026
Circulating CAR T-Cells After Treatment With Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas and Its Association to Treatment Outcome.
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Werne Louise Olsson, Elmér Evelina, Lisak Mikael, Pálmason Róbert, Hult Annika K, Dykes Josefina, Jerkeman Mats
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the expansion of CAR T-cells and its association to treatment outcome.
METHODS: Patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas treated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at Skåne and Sahlgrenska University Hospitals from 2019 to October 2024 were included. CAR T-cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Association between maximum levels of CAR T-cells and response, progression-free survival, overall survival, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) were investigated.
RESULTS: Peak CAR T-cell levels were higher among patients with complete response (CR) at Day 30 (p = 0.013) and at 12 months (p = 0.036). CD8+ CAR T-cells were higher in patients with CR (median 135.7, IQR 52.8-433.9) compared to patients not obtaining CR (median 23.2, IQR 11.1-103.3) (p = 0.003). The ratio of CD4+:CD8+ CAR T-cells was lower in patients obtaining CR (p = 0.046). Patients with CAR T-cells above 52.4 CAR T-cells/μL showed superior progression-free survival (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that CAR T-cell levels after axi-cel correlate to durable response, progression-free survival, and that expansion of CD8+ CAR T-cells might be of specific importance for efficacy. Potentially, CAR T-cell levels may be used to enable early detection of patients with high risk of CAR T-cell treatment failure.
METHODS: Patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas treated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at Skåne and Sahlgrenska University Hospitals from 2019 to October 2024 were included. CAR T-cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Association between maximum levels of CAR T-cells and response, progression-free survival, overall survival, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) were investigated.
RESULTS: Peak CAR T-cell levels were higher among patients with complete response (CR) at Day 30 (p = 0.013) and at 12 months (p = 0.036). CD8+ CAR T-cells were higher in patients with CR (median 135.7, IQR 52.8-433.9) compared to patients not obtaining CR (median 23.2, IQR 11.1-103.3) (p = 0.003). The ratio of CD4+:CD8+ CAR T-cells was lower in patients obtaining CR (p = 0.046). Patients with CAR T-cells above 52.4 CAR T-cells/μL showed superior progression-free survival (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that CAR T-cell levels after axi-cel correlate to durable response, progression-free survival, and that expansion of CD8+ CAR T-cells might be of specific importance for efficacy. Potentially, CAR T-cell levels may be used to enable early detection of patients with high risk of CAR T-cell treatment failure.