The role of skin barrier and immune abnormalities in the pathogenesis of Rosacea.

Rosacea is marked by a compromised skin barrier, abnormal immune responses, and vascular dysregulation. It typically manifests as persistent or intermittent flushing, along with papules and pustules. These symptoms are often accompanied by burning, itching, or stinging sensations that can significantly affect the physical and mental well-being of those affected. Multiple factors contribute to the increased sensitivity in rosacea-affected skin, including barrier dysfunction and inflammatory activation. While the pathogenesis of rosacea is not fully understood, compromised skin barriers and aberrant immune responses are recognized as key contributors. This review aims to summarize recent findings on rosacea and its underlying pathological mechanisms while exploring the interplay between abnormalities in the skin barrier and immune response. Consequently, we propose that targeting both the skin barrier and immune response may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for modulating the inflammatory pathways associated with rosacea.