Targeting Synovial Inflammation and Joint Destruction: Therapeutic Potential of Nigella sativa Seeds in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

INTRODUCTION

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Conventional therapies, including NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and DMARDs, may cause adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer, multi-targeted agents. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of Nigella sativa seed extract in carrageenan- and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced rat models.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using carrageenan-induced paw edema, while anti-arthritic activity was evaluated using CFA-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Paw volume, body weight, motor coordination, hematological parameters, and joint histopathology were assessed.

RESULTS

Acute toxicity studies showed that the extract was safe up to 2000 mg/kg. Nigella sativa produced a significant, dose-dependent reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema. In CFA-induced arthritis, the extract reduced paw swelling, prevented body-weight loss, improved motor activity, and attenuated alterations in RBC, WBC, Hb, and ESR. Histopathological examination demonstrated reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, improved trabecular thickness, and preservation of bone architecture.

DISCUSSION: The observed effects are consistent with the reported anti-inflammatory potential of Nigella sativa, which may involve suppression of inflammatory mediators and pathways. The findings support its multi-targeted activity against inflammation and joint damage.

CONCLUSION

Nigella sativa seed extract demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects, suggesting potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory disorders such as RA.