Comprehensive Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer: Demographics, Clinical Presentations, Diagnostic Findings, and Treatment Outcomes in an Indian Cohort.

BACKGROUND

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death, characterized by the abnormal proliferation of glandular epithelial cells. The study aimed to assess the demographics, clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes of CRC patients in an Indian cohort.

METHODOLOGY: This prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted at a tertiary care center from August 2022 to July 2024. A total of 52 CRC patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical symptoms, diagnostic findings, surgical interventions, adjuvant therapies, and postoperative outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 22.0.

RESULTS

The majority of patients (48.08%) were aged 41-60 years, with a nearly equal gender distribution. Most patients (44.2%) were smokers and a significant proportion worked in the automobile industry. Rectal bleeding was the most common presenting complaint (53%). The rectum (28.84%) and sigmoid colon (26.93%) were the most common tumor sites. Surgical interventions included anterior resection (30.80%) and right hemicolectomy (28.84%), with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy administered based on disease stage. Postoperative complications occurred in 25% of patients, with intestinal fistula being the most common. The study highlighted the need for early intervention and preventive measures, particularly in high-risk individuals.

CONCLUSION

This study provides a comprehensive overview of CRC in an Indian cohort, emphasizing the importance of early detection, individualized treatment plans, and preventive measures. Future research should aim for larger, multicentric samples, and standardized protocols to improve CRC management and patient outcomes.