The Anti-Mullerian Hormone as a Biomarker of Effectiveness of Metformin Hydrochloride Therapy in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Insulin Resistance.

Background/

Objectives

Among the therapeutic options available for managing PCOS, metformin improves insulin sensitivity, reduces androgen levels, and helps restore menstrual regularity and ovulation. While primarily used for its metabolic effects, metformin therapy may also influence reproductive parameters, including AMH levels, which are pivotal in improving ovarian function and predicting therapeutic outcomes in PCOS. The aim of this study was to search the scientific literature and analyze the correlation between AMH levels and metformin hydrochloride therapy in women with PCOS and IR.

Methods

A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted using the following keywords: polycystic ovarian syndrome, anti-Mullerian hormone, insulin resistance, metformin, treatment, biomarker, and metabolic syndrome. This review was aimed at investigating the potential of AMH as a biomarker of the effectiveness of metformin therapy in patients with PCOS and IR.

Results

Metformin treatment in PCOS patients has shown significant reductions in serum AMH levels with prolonged therapy. As an insulin sensitizer, metformin improves insulin sensitivity, reduces hyperinsulinemia, and suppresses hyperandrogenism. This process inhibits the growth of antral follicles, which is reflected in decreased AMH levels.

Conclusions

Reductions in AMH levels and improvements in insulin sensitivity can serve as indicators of treatment efficacy and enhancements in reproductive function for these patients. AMH could be considered a prognostic marker for evaluating the effectiveness of metformin therapy. A decrease in AMH levels following treatment may indicate improved ovarian function and a reduction in polycystic morphology. However, further research is necessary to confirm these findings and to determine the optimal dosages and duration of treatment.