Celiac Disease: Conventional and Novel Biomarkers.

Celiac disease (CeD) is a multisystem autoimmune disease secondary to ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. A precise and early diagnosis is essential for its effective and timely management. For comprehensive management of patients with CeD, there is a need for noninvasive biomarkers for screening of patients, prediction of enteropathy, and monitoring of patients for adherence to the gluten-free diet. The modern-day tools including transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic methods allow development of various biomarkers, which reflect changes in the immunological profile. In the present article, we have discussed the conventional and the novel biomarkers in relation to CeD.