The innate immune response to A. fumigatus in alveolar macrophages: Roles of LC3-associated phagocytosis, apoptosis and inflammation.

Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) has a life-threatening effect in immunocompromised populations, underscore the vital role played by the interplay between the host immune response and this fungal pathogen. Alveolar macrophage (AM) situated within the alveolar spaces serve as the primal immune cells to engage with inhaled Aspergillus conidia. These AMs deploy various strategies to resist A. fumigatus assaults. Their capacity to eliminate A. fumigatus is contingent upon LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), an immunological safeguard against microbial intrusions. Furthermore, the propensity for apoptosis fosters frequent inter-macrophage transfer of A. fumigatus, thereby facilitating control over conidia germination. The activation of inflammasomes and the subsequent release of cytokines and chemokines also constitutes a crucial defensive mechanism employed by AM against A. fumigatus invasions. This review delves into the intricate immune reactions and protective manners mounted by macrophages during A. fumigatus infection. Unraveling the interactions between the host immune system and A. fumigatus could pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions.