Biomarkers in normal pressure hydrocephalus: A mini review.

BACKGROUND

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological disorder characterized by the classic triad of gait disturbances, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. However, despite its clinical significance and prevalence, the diagnosis of NPH remains challenging due to symptom overlap with other neurodegenerative conditions. This mini-review aims to identify biomarkers for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) that could address this diagnostic gap, improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding treatment strategies.

DESIGN/

METHODS

Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors systematically searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for literature on biomarkers in NPH. The articles included were exclusively published in English and discussed biomarkers in clinical studies involving NPH patients.

RESULTS

A total of 91 articles were included in the final analysis. The most common biomarkers found were Beta-amyloid, Tau protein, Neurofilament protein light, Soluble amyloid precursor protein, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1; Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Interleukins, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1.

CONCLUSIONS

Biomarkers related to disease severity, complications, and prognosis prediction could significantly enhance NPH management. They have shown potential relevance for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Although there are some gaps related to accuracy, several biomarkers demonstrate promising results and could improve patient outcomes soon.