Systemic administration of cerium oxide nanoparticles reduces oxidative stress in young patients with generalized gingivitis and obesity.

BACKGROUND

Obesity and periodontal diseases are associated with oxidative stress activation. Periodontitis and gingivitis are inflammatory diseases that cause systemic and local production of reactive oxygen species, leading to tissue damage. Obesity exacerbates systemic free radical oxidation.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) as potential pharmaceutical agents for targeting oxidative stress activation in patients with obesity and periodontal disease.

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

Young patients with obesity and generalized gingivitis were randomly allocated into 2 groups. In the first group (n = 28), a professional oral hygiene procedure was performed, followed by the local application of the Nanosept solution (a formulation comprising CNPs and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG)). Over the next 5 days, the subjects were instructed to administer the Nanosept solution twice a day on the gums using a cotton sponge for 5 min. The second group (n = 30) was additionally prescribed the antioxidant Cerera (CNPs) for 10 days.

RESULTS

Following treatment in both groups, a complete resolution of gingivitis was registered. In both groups, a significant decrease in salivary mucopolysaccharides and total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was observed. However, a significant decrease in oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, as well as an increase in catalase activity were registered only after systemic administration of CNPs. Similarly, the normalization of colonization resistance (CR) was observed only in the second group.

CONCLUSIONS

Systemic administration of CNPs in the treatment of obese patients with generalized gingivitis resulted in a decrease in oxidative and nitrosative stress activation in the oral cavity, enhanced antioxidant capacity of the saliva, and normalized the level of CR of the oral cavity.