Evaluating the Mechanisms of Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic Stroke.

The utilization of cell-free therapies derived from extracellular vesicles (EVs) has garnered mounting interest as a promising approach to address the myriad challenges associated with ischemic stroke. These Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) possess considerable therapeutic potential due to their inherent properties, including low immunogenicity, efficient cargo transportation, and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review examines the mechanisms underlying mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Future research should aim to identify optimal strategies for EV-based interventions, including combination therapy and preconditioning strategies.