Clinical progress note: Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Vaccine-preventable diseases that have yet to be eliminated are important to review for the practicing clinician. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was once the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in young children and now causes rare invasive disease in young children and the elderly. Patients with immunodeficiency and impaired complement response to encapsulated organisms (e.g., sickle cell disease; asplenia) are at particular risk of invasive Hib disease. Recognition of a potential case, prompt management and reporting, and inpatient vaccine administration and education are crucial actions for hospitalists in the management of Hib disease and prevention.