The Journal of prosthetic dentistry · 2026
Antimicrobial efficacy of hypochlorite-based gels for disinfecting heat-polymerized and 3D printed denture bases.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
da Silva Maria Eduarda Broering, Kamio Ana Beatriz Sato, da Silva Matheus Germano Ramos, Dos Santos Henrique Souza, Mazzon Ricardo Ruiz, Cuevas-Suárez Carlos Enrique, Lund Rafael Guerra, Ribeiro de Andrade Juliana Silva, Badaró Maurício Malheiros
Аннотация
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Denture biofilm control remains a clinical challenge, especially for individuals with reduced dexterity. Conventional chemical protocols are complex and prone to dosing errors that compromise daily hygiene.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to formulate and characterize sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)₂) gels and evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against biofilms formed on heat-polymerized (HP-PMMA) and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed polymethyl methacrylate (3D-PMMA).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Minimum inhibitory concentration assays were used to define the effective concentration for gel formulation. Experimental gels (0.5% NaOCl or Ca(OCl)₂) were prepared with hydroxyethyl cellulose and characterized for organoleptic (color, odor, turbidity, phase separation) and physicochemical properties (density, pH, consistency) after 1 and 6 months. Biofilms of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown on HP-PMMA and 3D-PMMA specimens (n=15). Four disinfection protocols were tested: control, brushing with gel, brushing plus residual gel contact, and immersion. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni post hoc tests, t tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=.05).
RESULTS: MIC assays supported the 0.5% concentration for both hypochlorites. All gels remained organoleptically stable and maintained alkaline pH after 6 months. The Ca(OCl)₂ gel exhibited greater consistency and lower density than NaOCl. The brushing plus residual exposure protocol eliminated all microorganisms on both substrates (0.00 ±0.00 CFU/mL; P<.001). Ca(OCl)₂ generally outperformed NaOCl, and 3D-PMMA showed lower microbial retention than HP-PMMA in several conditions. SEM confirmed minimal biofilm coverage after residual-exposure protocols.
CONCLUSIONS: Hypochlorite-based gels provided effective antimicrobial action against fungal and bacterial biofilms on denture base resins. The brushing plus residual contact protocol was the most effective method. Ca(OCl)₂ gel and 3D-PMMA showed superior performance, supporting their potential for simplified and clinically applicable denture hygiene strategies.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to formulate and characterize sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)₂) gels and evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against biofilms formed on heat-polymerized (HP-PMMA) and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed polymethyl methacrylate (3D-PMMA).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Minimum inhibitory concentration assays were used to define the effective concentration for gel formulation. Experimental gels (0.5% NaOCl or Ca(OCl)₂) were prepared with hydroxyethyl cellulose and characterized for organoleptic (color, odor, turbidity, phase separation) and physicochemical properties (density, pH, consistency) after 1 and 6 months. Biofilms of Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown on HP-PMMA and 3D-PMMA specimens (n=15). Four disinfection protocols were tested: control, brushing with gel, brushing plus residual gel contact, and immersion. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni post hoc tests, t tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=.05).
RESULTS: MIC assays supported the 0.5% concentration for both hypochlorites. All gels remained organoleptically stable and maintained alkaline pH after 6 months. The Ca(OCl)₂ gel exhibited greater consistency and lower density than NaOCl. The brushing plus residual exposure protocol eliminated all microorganisms on both substrates (0.00 ±0.00 CFU/mL; P<.001). Ca(OCl)₂ generally outperformed NaOCl, and 3D-PMMA showed lower microbial retention than HP-PMMA in several conditions. SEM confirmed minimal biofilm coverage after residual-exposure protocols.
CONCLUSIONS: Hypochlorite-based gels provided effective antimicrobial action against fungal and bacterial biofilms on denture base resins. The brushing plus residual contact protocol was the most effective method. Ca(OCl)₂ gel and 3D-PMMA showed superior performance, supporting their potential for simplified and clinically applicable denture hygiene strategies.
Предметные рубрики MeSH
Sodium HypochloriteBiofilmsGelsPolymethyl MethacrylateDenture BasesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPrinting, Three-DimensionalCalcium CompoundsCandida albicansPseudomonas aeruginosaEscherichia coliStaphylococcus aureusHumansDisinfectionAnti-Infective AgentsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCandidaCelluloseHot Temperature