A rare case of Collet-Sicard syndrome caused by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Collet-Sicard syndrome (CSS) is a neurological condition secondary to various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, manifesting as palsy of the lower cranial nerves. This article aims to disseminate knowledge and share insights into this disorder.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 58-year-old male presented with a four-month history of progressive dysphagia and dysphonia. Neurological examination revealed cranial nerve IX, X, XI and XII palsy. Imaging demonstrated a focal lesion situated between the internal carotid artery and the jugular vein, ultimately diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient was referred for hematological treatment.

COMMENT: A constellation of symptoms such as dysphagia, hoarseness or dysphonia, and tongue weakness should alert clinicians to the possibility of CSS. Awareness of the characteristic symptoms of CSS is essential for identifying the underlying cause and reducing delays in diagnosis and treatment.