Experience, challenges, and regional integration of the National Dementia Biobank (Mexico) and the National Brain Bank-UNPHU (Dominican Republic).

Neurobiobanks focused on the study of major cognitive impairment constitute a strategic infrastructure for translational research and personalized medicine in the neurosciences. In Mexico and the Dominican Republic, the National Dementia Biobank (BND) at the Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca and the National Brain Bank at the Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (BNC-UNPHU) have developed integrated mechanisms for the collection, processing, and preservation of human brain tissue, as well as other tissues such as kidney, liver, intestine, pancreas, and skin, intended exclusively for biomedical research. Both institutions share research lines centered on the molecular pathological study of the tau protein and the amyloid-β peptide, key markers of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Protocols for immunohistochemistry, silver staining, single and multiple immunofluorescences, as well as staining with fluorochromes such as thiazine red and thioflavin-S, have been standardized for the precise detection of neuropathological lesions. Transgenic animal models, including the triple transgenic mouse with mutations in presenilin-1, amyloid-β protein precursor, and tau, have served as complementary tools to dissect the temporal sequence of protein aggregation. In parallel, both institutions have implemented sustained scientific outreach programs, including a traveling museum of neurodegenerative diseases, Brain Awareness Week, Alzheimer's fairs, and media campaigns, aimed at reducing stigma, promoting altruistic tissue donation, and building public trust. Collectively, these neurobiobanks represent an emerging model of research contextualized within Latin American populations, with the potential to integrate into regional and international networks that contribute to reducing knowledge gaps in neurodegeneration.