Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2026
Evaluation of a short, all oral treatment regimen including bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, clofazimine, and pyrazinamide named "Regimen C" for pre-XDR tuberculosis in Niger.
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Boubacar Soumana Soumana, Yacouba Abdourahamane, Abdoul Lawi Cheikh Aboubacar, Oumar Ibrahim, Souleymane Bassirou, Soumana Alphazazi, Ounoussa Tapha, Doutchi Mahamadou, Daou Mamane, Brah Souleymane, Adehossi Eric, Mamadou Saidou
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) poses a serious challenge to global tuberculosis control, particularly in high-burden countries like Niger. In 2021, a new fully oral, shorter treatment regimen, named regimen C, was adopted nationally.
AIM: This study aimed to assess its effectiveness under programmatic conditions.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to December 2024. All patients with pre-XDR and XDR-TB treated in one of the four multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB units in Niger, who received the new standardized regimen and completed their treatment, were included in the study.
RESULTS: A total of 16 patients with pre-XDR-TB were included in the study. Clinical, microbiological, and radiological data were collected. The median age was 30.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 25-39 years], and 62.5% of patients were male. All patients had pulmonary pre-XDR TB. At the end of treatment, a therapeutic success rate of 75.0% was observed. Adverse events occurred in 88.0% of patients, including 2 cases (14.3%) of grade 4 adverse reactions. Undernourished patients tended to have an increased risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes, although this association was not statistically significant (p = 0.18).
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the regimen evaluated in this study appears to be effective for the management of pre-XDR tuberculosis in Niger, with a promising treatment success rate.
AIM: This study aimed to assess its effectiveness under programmatic conditions.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to December 2024. All patients with pre-XDR and XDR-TB treated in one of the four multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB units in Niger, who received the new standardized regimen and completed their treatment, were included in the study.
RESULTS: A total of 16 patients with pre-XDR-TB were included in the study. Clinical, microbiological, and radiological data were collected. The median age was 30.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 25-39 years], and 62.5% of patients were male. All patients had pulmonary pre-XDR TB. At the end of treatment, a therapeutic success rate of 75.0% was observed. Adverse events occurred in 88.0% of patients, including 2 cases (14.3%) of grade 4 adverse reactions. Undernourished patients tended to have an increased risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes, although this association was not statistically significant (p = 0.18).
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the regimen evaluated in this study appears to be effective for the management of pre-XDR tuberculosis in Niger, with a promising treatment success rate.