Variable role of patent ductus arteriosus.

Although patent ductus arteriosus is essential in fetal life, interventions to close or minimize the adverse hemodynamic effects associated with the left-to-right shunt are often needed after birth, especially in extremely premature infants. However, there are clinical conditions where maintaining patency of the ductus is essential for survival. In this article we discuss use of prostaglandin E1 in the management of congenital heart defects, pulmonary hypertension and left ventricular failure in early neonatal period.