[Entrapment neuropathies of the arm].

Compression-induced damage to the peripheral nerves can cause persistent, mostly exercise-related intensified pain syndromes. In the presence of brachialgia, compression neuropathies must always be considered when rendering the differential diagnosis, whether in the scapular region (e.g. suprascapular syndrome) in the elbow (e.g. supinator syndrome) or the hand (carpal tunnel syndrome, distal ulnar tunnel syndrome). Knowledge of neuroanatomy, detailed history of pain and provocative movements and a targeted examination technique including the findings of provocative testing will usually lead to an accurate diagnosis. Focal neural damage, its exact localization and degree of severity can all be confirmed by the targeted use of electroneurography and needle myography. These procedures will also allow a prognostic estimation and provide information about whether surgical therapeutic procedures are indicated.