Rheumatic Heart Disease and Endomyocardial Fibrosis: A Complex Novel Case of Heart Failure.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) are major causes of cardiac disease in low-income countries. We present a case of a patient with mitral stenosis and restrictive cardiomyopathy, initially attributed to severe RHD, but with disease progression despite valve replacement, likely secondary to previously undiagnosed EMF.