Identification of four novel ACADVL variants in eight Chinese unrelated patients with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

BACKGROUND

Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation with an autosomal recessive manner and is due to the VLCAD enzyme deficiency which is encoded by the ACADVL gene. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical manifestations and analyze the molecular findings of eight Chinese patients with VLCADD.

METHODS

We investigated eight Chinese VLCADD patients (three males, five females) from eight unrelated families. Molecular analysis was performed under the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in combination with Sanger sequencing validation to confirm the likely pathogenic variants in these patients.

RESULTS

Patient 1 (P1) exhibited the most severe clinical features and passed away 3 h after admission on the second day of life. Unfortunately, P2 succumbed to hypoketotic hypoglycemia at 5 months of age. Except for asymptomatic P7, the remaining patients also developed clinical presentations of varying severity at different ages. Molecular data revealed that all affected individuals were compound heterozygotes for ACADVL variants. A total of 14 variants (4 novel and 10 known) were identified and the pathogenicity was evaluated based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria and different in silico prediction tools.

CONCLUSIONS

The analysis of genotype-phenotype relationships preliminarily suggests that the compound heterozygous variants identified in these patients are likely the primary cause of VLCADD. Our study expands the mutation spectrum of ACADVL and highlights the significance of genetic analysis in early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of monogenic hereditary diseases especially those with rapid disease progression.