High-attenuation lymphadenopathy in AIDS patients: significance of findings at CT.

A retrospective evaluation was performed of the location and attenuation characteristics of abdominal and pelvic lymphadenopathy, identified at dynamic sequential bolus computed tomography (CT) in 69 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Lymph node appearance at CT was characterized as hyperattenuating, isoattenuating, or hypoattenuating relative to the iliopsoas muscle. The significance of finding hyperattenuating adenopathy in the patient population was evaluated. Thirty-three patients had hyperattenuating adenopathy, including 26 with the epidemic form of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Of 38 patients with epidemic KS, 26 had hyperattenuating, 11 had isoattenuating, and one had hypoattenuating lymphadenopathy. The positive predictive value of hyperattenuating adenopathy for epidemic KS was 79%. These findings were statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval (P < .005). Hyperattenuating lymphadenopathy, identified on dynamic sequential bolus CT scans in AIDS patients, was seen with disseminated KS in approximately 80% of cases.