Needle Handling Techniques in Endoscopic Suturing.

This study describes practical needle handling techniques for endonasal endoscopic surgery, focusing on controlled suturing movements adapted to incision orientation and anatomical constraints. Emphasis is placed on single-motion needle advancement, proper reorientation, and precise force application, particularly for skull base suturing where tactile feedback is limited. These techniques enable reliable and efficient closure in endoscopic surgery without the need for specialized instruments.