Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Symptomatic Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND

A common musculoskeletal ailment affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) can cause discomfort and limited jaw mobility. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are two non-invasive therapeutic techniques that have shown promise in improving function and reducing pain. However, comparative data about their efficacy are still limited. This randomised controlled experiment aimed to assess and contrast how well TENS and LLLT work to improve maximum mouth opening (MMO) and lessen discomfort in individuals with TMD.

METHODS

A randomised clinical trial was conducted at Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, on 40 patients with symptomatic TMDs. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups (n=20 per group): Group A received TENS therapy, and Group B underwent LLLT for eight sessions. Pain levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and MMO was measured at baseline, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA and unpaired t-tests, with significance at P<0.05.

RESULTS

Both groups exhibited a significant reduction in pain scores and increased MMO (P<0.001). However, LLLT demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in pain at multiple time points compared to TENS (P=0.004). Additionally, LLLT resulted in a more pronounced MMO increase, particularly at mid-treatment (P=0.006).

CONCLUSION

TENS and LLLT are effective for TMD management, but LLLT provides superior pain relief and functional improvement. Further research is recommended to explore their long-term efficacy and combined therapeutic potential.