Quality standards for preclinical research in cardio-oncology.

Preclinical research in cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) is a major domain of cardio-oncology and has provided biological explanation for the cardiovascular adverse effects of many cancer therapies. However, the choice of the experimental models to investigate the mechanisms of CTR-CVT is often based on personal experience and opinion, rather than on established principles and available evidence. Moreover, presentation of methods and results is frequently approximate. This Scientific Statement outlines potential quality standards regarding methodology and reporting in preclinical cardio-oncology research, with the goal of promoting accurate, reliable, and reproducible studies. Quality standards are distinguished in first-tier, when considered essential for robustness unless there is a strong justification for their omission, and second-tier standards, when desirable, but not necessary. First-tier standards ensure credible, self-sustaining research, while second-tier ones enhance quality of investigations and accelerate understanding of CTR-CVT. Adherence to the proposed quality standards is expected to benefit researchers embarking on new investigations, facilitate funding allocation, and inform the development of novel oncological therapies, eventually moving cardio-oncology science forward.